On 17 January 2018, government of Nepal finalized Biratnagar as the temporary capital of Province No. 1 and appointed Govinda Subba as the Governor. Sher Dhan Rai was elected as Chief Minister of Province No. 1 on February 14, 2018 according to Article 168 (1) of the Constitution of Nepal.
There are 56 FPTP and 37 PR seats in Province No. 1. The first meeting of the provincial assembly was held on 5 February 2018 in Biratnagar and was chaired by Om Prakash Sarbagi. Pradeep Kumar Bhandari was elected unopposed as the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly on 11 February 2018. Saraswoti Pokharel was also elected unopposed to the post of Deputy Speaker on 15 February 2018.